Engr. Kamal Ram, Contact : +965 94074747 (Kuwait), E-mail : kamal.mech.engg@gmail.com, +91-9041049598 (India), WhatsApp : +965 94074747 & +91 9041049598
Standpipe (Fire Hose Reel) System
A standpipe system is defined by NFPA 14 as: “An arrangement of piping, valves, hose connections and allied equipment installed in a building or structure, with the hose connections located in such a manner that water can be discharged in streams through attached hose and nozzles, for the purposes of extinguishing a fire, thereby protecting a building or structure and its contents in addition to protecting the occupants. This is accomplished by means of connections to water supply systems or by means of pump tanks and other equipment necessary to provide an adequate supply of water to the hose connections (NFPA, 2003).”
Automatic Standpipe System:
A standpipe system that is attached to a water supply capable of supplying the system demand at all times and that requires no action other than opening a hose valve to provide water at hose connections.
Combined System:
A standpipe system having piping that supplies both hose connection and automatic sprinkler system.
High Rise Building: A building more than 75 feet (23 m) in height. Building height shall be measured from the lowest level of fire department vehicle access to the floor of the highest occupiable story.
Manual Standpipe System:
A standpipe system that relies exclusively on the fire department connection to supply the system demand.
Classes of Standpipe System
Class I System:
Class I Standpipe system shall provide 2-1/2 in (63.5 mm) hose connections to supply water for use by fire department and hose trained in handling heavy fire streams. Canvas hose is generally carried by Fire Department.
Class II System:
Class II Standpipe system shall provide 1-1/2 in (38.1 mm) hose stations to supply water for use primarily by the building occupants or by the fire department during initial response.
Class III System:
Class III Standpipe system shall provide 1-1/2 in (38.1 mm) hose stations to supply water for use by building occupants and 2-1/2 in (63.5 mm) hose connections to supply a larger volume of water for use by fire departments and hose trained in handling heavy fire streams.
Location of Hose Connections
Class I Standpipe system shall be provided 2-1/2 in (63.5 mm) hose connections in the following locations:
a) At each intermediate landing between floor levels in every required exit stairways.
b) On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit openings of horizontal exits.
c) In each exit passageway at the entrance from the building areas into the passageway.
d) In covered mall buildings, at the exterior to each exit passageway or exit corridor, and at exterior public entrances to the mall.
Class II systems shall be provided with 1-1/2 in (38.1 mm) hose stations so that all portions of each floor level of the building are within 130 ft (39.7 m). Distances shall be measured along a path of travel originating at the hose connections.
Minimum Sizes of Standpipes
a) Class I and Class III standpipes shall be at least 4 in (102 mm) in size.
b) Standpipes that are part of a combined system shall be at least 6 in (152 mm ) in size.
Minimum Pressure for System Design and Sizing of Pipe
Hydraulically designed to provide the required waterflow rate at a minimum residual pressure of 100 psi (6.9 bar) at the outlet of the hydraulically most remote 2-1/2 in (63.5 mm) hose connection and 65 psi (4.5 bar) at the outlet of the hydraulically most remote 1-1/2 in (38.1 mm ) hose station.
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Maximum Pressure for Hose Connections
Where the residual pressure at 1-1/2 in (38.1 mm) outlet on a hose connection available for occupant use exceeds 100 psi (6.9 bar), an approved pressure regulating device shall be provided to limit the residual pressure to 100 psi (6.9 bar).
Minimum Flow Rates
(a) For class I and class III systems, the minimum flow rate for the hydraulically most remote standpipe shall be 500 gpm (1893 L/min. The minimum flow rate for additional standpipes shall be 250 gpm ( 946 L/min) per standpipe, with total not to exceed 1250 gpm (4731 L/min).
(b) For a combined system in a building equipped with partial automatic sprinkler protection, the flow rate required shall be increased by an amount equal to the hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand or 150 gpm (568 L/min) for light hazard occupancies, or 500 gpm (1893 L/min) for ordinary hazard occupancies, whichever is less.
(c) For class II systems, the minimum flow rate for hydraulically most remote standpipe shall be 100 gpm (379 L/min). Additional flow shall not be required where more than one standpipe is provided.
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Landing Valve (LV)
Landing Valve. Landing valves are suitable for installation on wet risers in buildings for fire fighting purposes, permanently charged with water from a pressurized supply. They are Globe valves that are installed on hydrants, a branch and hose is connected to a coupling on it.
(a) Size : 2 -1/2 in
(b) Outlet : Female instantaneous to BS 336
(c) Minimum Pressure Required : 65 PSI (4.5 Bar)
(d) Maximum Pressure Allowed at LV : 100 psi (6.9 Bar)
(e) Flow at Landing Valev : 250 GPM
(f) Lanlding Valve K-Factor : 31
Canvas Hose
(a) Size 1-1/2 in for Class II
(b) Size 2-1/2 in for Class I & III
(c) Length of Hose : 30 Mtr
(d) Branch pipe (Nozzle ) : 2-1/2 in male instantaneous connection
(e) Branch pipe postion : OFF / JET / FOG
Standard Fire Hose Reel Cabinet
Components of Fire Hose Cabinet:
1) Fire Hose Reel 25mm dia x 30 Mtr
2) Gate Valve 25 mm
3) PRV 25 mm
4) 9L Water/Gas Type Fire Extinguishers
5) 6 Kg ABC Fire Extinguishers
6) Landing Valve 2-1/2 in
7) Canvas Hose 1-1/2 in x 30 Mtr
